"Mind games may improve our performance at work", reads the headline in The Times. The newspaper reports that a new study has shown that volunteers who took part in "rigorous   more »

There is a single clinical trial of MS that evaluated magnets for MS-related cognitive dysfunction. That trial, which involved 30 people, evaluated cognition as one part of a battery of tests that also measured spasticity, bladder control, fatigue, mobility   more »

In small studies, cooling techniques, or lowering the body temperature, has been reported to improve multiple symptoms among people with MS. In one such small study of eight patients, an improvement was seen in one patient’s ability to   more »

There is a large and growing body of evidence to support the idea that a lifetime of exercise can result in preservation of a number of aspects of cognition. Much of this literature has focused on aerobic exercise such as walking, running, bicycling   more »

Preventing cognitive decline in MS, obviously, is an important goal. Whether current FDA-approved MS therapies can prevent cognitive dysfunction has received only limited study. There   more »

Except perhaps among people with primary progressive MS, implicit memory is not usually affected. On the other hand, people with MS may experience problems with explicit memory. Explicit memory is also sometimes classified as being   more »

Cognition is a general term that refers to the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. Cognitive dysfunction, also a general term, refers to problems with   more »

Sometimes people with MS find they feel guilty, as if they have let their family and friends down or are somehow responsible for developing the condition. They may also feel guilty if they think   more »

Most drugs have potential side effects, and some drugs commonly used to treat MS and its related symptoms can cause temporary changes in mood or behaviour in some people. For example: steroids, used to treat relapses, can cause hyperactivity or depression – and, a steroid ‘high’ often becomes   more »

Multiple sclerosis (MS) can affect your emotions as well as your body. Although this has been recognised since MS was first described in the 19th century, it is only more recently that we have begun to understand more about how MS can cause   more »

Because cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked to higher rates of unemployment and a decline in activities of daily living, early recognition of cognitive deficits is vital. A new method may assist health care providers in detecting MS-related cognitive dysfunction accurately and objectively   more »

The MMSE is a tool for screening cognitive decline associated with multiple sclerosis. (Folstein et al. 1975).   more »

About 50% of people with MS will develop some degree of cognitive dysfunction. In MS, this generally means slowed ability to think, reason, concentrate, or remember. But only 5-10% of persons with MS develops problems that are   more »

Speech is a highly complex process which depends on finely controlled and co-ordinated muscles. In Multiple Sclerosis, difficulties can vary from being scarcely perceptible to very severe. What can affect the speech process? Speech patterns are controlled in   more »

Studies have shown that up to 65% of MS patients have cognitive dysfunction and that cognitive dysfunction is the greatest cause for disability. However, cognitive dysfunction is not well evaluated in the EDSS score nor   more »